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Pressure on the spinal column
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b) Compressed
C = compression
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c) Herniated
T = tension |
Structural and functional aspects of the spinal column
The spine is comprised of 24 columnar lumbar, thoracic and
cervical vertebrae separated and cushioned by intervertebral discs.
The spinal column is stabilised and correctly aligned primarily by
intervertebral muscles and ligaments, and posterior fascicular joints
and, secondarily by the great muscle masses of the upper and lower
back and the neck, posteriorly, and the abdomen anteriorly. The spine
is designed to carry the stress of gravity and day to day activity,
and is only as strong as its weakest link.
For efficient spinal function the vertebrae must be correctly aligned,
the intervertebral discs must be elastic and correctly positioned,
the intervertebral muscles, ligaments and joints must be strong
and supple, and the muscles of the back and abdomen must be strong
and in good condition. Any failing in any of these structural components
leads inevitably - in time - to pressure on the spinal nerves, herniation
of intervertebral discs, erosion of the articular surfaces of joints,
and the sequelae of muscle spasm, decreased blood perfusion, inflammation,
discomfort and pain and compromised capacity for physical activity. |
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